Lasers instead of inclinometers alone: rethinking pulling tests
First post in a series on a laser-based pulling-test method. Peer-reviewed in Forests 2026, 17(5), 528 — Open Access.
Articles tagged “Pulling test”
Recent tree failures validate results of wind tipping curves
Tilt of > 0,2° at wind speed of 50-60 km/h leads to critical tilt values at gale winds
Validating wind load analyses for static pulling tests
Three studies compared the wind load estimated from dynamic measurements of root plate tilt in storms to the results of a standard pulling test software. For most trees, both estimates were in close agreement.
Root Rot Reduces Stability of Norway Spruce
The presence of Heterobasidion spp. had a significant negative effect on the bending moment at primary and secondary failure of the tested trees irrespectively of soil type.
Barkstripping by deer reduces anchorage in Norway spruce
The reduced stability also suggests that bark-stripped trees can act as the weak spots decreasing the collective stability of stands in the long term, thus increasing the susceptibility to storms.
Stability Recovery in London Plane Trees Eight Years After Primary Anchorage Failure
Partially uprooted trees may re-establish stability over time, but some will not and may fail.
Correlation of wind speed and root plate tilt of trees in urban environment
A wind-tilt-curve can be used to assess the anchorage of urban trees.
Correlation of wind speed and root plate tilt of trees in urban environment
Tilt of > 0,2° at wind speed of 50-60 km/h leads to critical tilt values at gale winds.
A field study on slenderness and tree failure
In spruce, the effect of slenderness on maximum bending moments is negligible.